3 to 8 decoder using nand gates. When enable pin is high at one 3 .

3 to 8 decoder using nand gates 6 . 99% for 3:8 decoder, and 99. 02% for NAND gate, row decoder and column decoder respectively. Full Adder Using Nand Gate Multisim Live. i. Here is the truth table for a basic 1-to-2 line decoder, with A as the input and D0 and D1 as the outputs. So my goal was to create a circuit that takes in a 4-bit binary input and outputs the equivalent decimal number using only NAND gates. The objectives are to get familiar with decoders and implement a 2x4 and 3x8 decoder. Encoder and Decoder: NAND gates are utilized in Encoder and Decoder circuits to transform a binary code directly into a group of digital signals and vice versa. Realize a full subtracter using a 3-to-8 line decoder with inverting outputs and (a) two NAND gates. Minimum number of NAND gates to implement f(x,y,z,w)=x(y+zw)+yz' 0. D - Design FULL SUBTRACTOR using behavioral modeling . Implementation of Full Adder using NAND Gates is realization of Full Adder by using minimum nine NAND Gates with 2 outputs at the end namely Cout and Sum. 8 to 1 multiplexer using case statement and if statements d. The circuit is designed with AND and NAND logic gates. Basically, what I'm given is 2 R/WMs, each 2048 bytes * 4. ICs used: 74LS138 74LS20; Half Subtracter Using NAND Gates Aim: To study In practice you would use eight 2-input NAND gates and one 8-input NAND gate plus the 3:8 decoder. Step3: Circuit logic diagram. 3 to 8 line decoder circuit is also called as binary to an octal decoder. These improvements underscore the efficacy of the 3-transistor The internal circuit of the 74138 consists of 3-to-8 line decoder logic made up of basic gates like NAND and inverters. e. The truth table is as follows: Table 2: Truth Table of 3:8 decoder . 3-to-8 line decoder (e. NAND Gate DecoderIntroduction: Computer Organization and Architecture: https://youtu. , 74LS138) NAND gates (number of inputs depends on the specific implementation) Breadboard Similar to the 2:4 decoder, 3 to 8 decoder produces eight output signal lines, and 4 to 16 decoder produces sixteen output signal lines. This takes 3 input lines and decodes them to 8 active low outputs. The A, B and Cin inputs are applied to 3:8 decoder as an input. Learn to build Full Adder Using NAND Gates step by step with our virtual trainer kit simulator. 7). This document describes an experiment to implement a 2x4 decoder and 3x8 decoder using logic gates. 10 Aug 2024. Design full adder using 3:8 decoder with active low outputs and NAND gates. Design A Full Adder Circuit Using Decoder And Multiplexer - Wiring Diagram Implement full adder using 3 to 8 decoder and nand gates Vhdl tutorial 13: design 3×8 decoder and 8×3 encoder using vhdl The decoder design using minimum number of AND, NOT, and NAND gates is shown in Fig. The RD and WR pins of each are connected top MEMR and MEMW. As an example, let’s consider Octal to Binary encoder. layout design of 4:16 decoder using 45 nm finfet based and its drc and lvs verification. That's why decoder output are typically active low. Lab. - Free download as PDF File (. Morris ManoEdition 5 3 Line to 8 Line Decoder using Logic Gates. Based on the truth table, we can write the minterms for the outputs of difference & borrow. The basic gates I am refering to architecture gate_level of decoder_3to8 is begin . Since the output HAS to depend on I0 through I7, you had to use them at some point. 7 years ago by teamques10 ★ 69k • modified 8. Oct 28, 2013 #3 Anony1234 said: Full Subtractor using Decoder. Your solution’s ready to go! Our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. The quantum cost for 4:16 decoder using the proposed design has been compared with a previously existing design and the design has been generalised to decoder with n inputs. It has a maximum of 2^n input lines and ‘n’ output lines, are called universal gates because any digital circuit can be implemented by using any one of these two i. This is known as Gate Level Modelling in VHDL. Both decoders use the select lines as S1 and S0 but the first decoder is enabled for S2 = 0 and second decoder is enabled for S2 = 1 (Table 6. g. I'm so lost right now. The diagram illustrates the logic of the The difference in leakage power savings of Method-1 and Method-at same threshold voltage is 3. E input can be considered as a control input. The active low, logic 0 output of the NAND gate decoder Design a 3-to-8 decoder using only NAND gates and inverters. In this design we are using 4 input NAND gate & 2 input NOR gate. ICs used: 74LS00; Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder Aim: To study and Verify the Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder. three inputs such as A, B, and input carry as Cin, and gives a sum output and carry output i. View Instant Access For Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder: IC Number IC Name; 74LS20: Dual 4-Input NAND Gates: 74LS138: Decoders: Circuit Tutorials: Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder; The circuit is designed with AND and NAND logic gates. Recommendations. Implement the logic gate design using NAND gates (The Truth-Table of a full adder is shown below). Thus, the truth table for this 3-line to 8-line decoder is presented below. In the design process of 16:4 encoder and 4:16 decoder we are using universal gates that are NAND & NOR gates. Hint: Here is a diagram showing the inputs and outputs of a full adder, write the logic equation of Cout/Sum by building the Step 2. The remaining three zeros (Aha!) can be taken from individual outputs of the 3-to-8 decoder, whose A, B and C inputs are connected to A1, A2 and A3, respectively. As of now I know I will have X, Y, and C_in as my inputs. A decoder is to be designed to illuminate the appropriate diodes for the display of each of the six die values. 27 07 To realise the following flip -flops using NAND Gates. Step 1: Provide the truth table. B - Design XOR GATE using behavioral modeling. Encoders – An encoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary information in the form of a 2 N input lines into N output lines, which represent N bit code for the input. Table 5: Truth table of 2-to-4 decoder with Enable using NAND gates A 2-to-4 line decoder with an enable input constructed with NAND gates is shown in figure 8. A 3 to 8 decoder is an integrated circuit (IC) that takes in three input bits and converts them into eight 3 Line to 8 Line Decoder - This decoder circuit gives 8 logic outputs for 3 inputs and has a enable pin. The 74XX138 3-to-8 Decoder The 3-to-8, 74XX138 Decoder is also commonly used in logical circuits. ICs used: 74LS00; Full Adder Using (a) 4:1 Multiplexer using gates (b) 3-variable function using IC 74151(8:1 MUX) 23 06 Realize 1:8 Demux and 3:8 Decoder using IC74138. end gate_level; We have used basic logic gates here to implement the decoder. 1 Conventional 3-to-8 decoder by using CMOS AND gate [4] implementation of the decoder in CMOS technology, because AND gates are not directly available in CMOS, their realization needs two gates, NAND and NOT serially connected. Equipment and Materials. In addition to two binary inputs, a third input “Enable” is used to “OFF” and “ON” the function of decoding by setting it to “LOW” and “HIGH” states, respectively. 98%, and 2. Combinational Logic Circuit Design 1 April 2020 Bme. 22% for 4:16 decoder For Half Subtracter Using NAND Gates: IC Number IC Name; 74LS00: Quad 2-input NAND Gates: Circuit Tutorials: Half Subtracter Using NAND Gates; Procedure. Solution. Full Adder Using NAND Gates Aim: To study and verify the Full Adder using NAND Gates. Behavioral Modeling: Behavioral modeling represents the circuit at a high level of abstraction. It provides the required components, theory on how 2x4 The term “Decoder” means to translate or decode coded information from one format into another, so a binary decoder transforms “n” binary input signals into an equivalent code using 2 n outputs. 4 to 16 decoder circuit diagram Building 3-8 decoder with two 2-4 decoders and a few additional gates Decoder using decoders only logic three implementation digital do stack. Joined Dec 29, 2010 1,968. The input to the full adder, first and second bits and carry bit, are used as input to the When using NAND gates : The Clearly, the left-hand side of the table can be taken care of by feeding not-A0 (using the inverter you were given) into one input of the NOR gate. I am having trouble with figuring out what the 8 outputs of the decoder should be, so I am unsure about where and how to 1) The OR gate's output is connected to one of the sel inputs of the decoder. The decoder includes three inputs in 3-8 decoders. Implement Logic gates using NAND and NOR gates Design a Full adder using gates Design and implement the 4:1 MUX, Aim: To design and Implement a 3 to 8 decoder using gates Theory: A decoder is a device which does the reverse operation of an encoder, undoing the encoding so 4 to 16 decoder circuit diagram Draw circuit using only nand gates Decoder, 3 to 8 decoder block diagram, truth table, and logic diagram. The complete layout of the decoder was designed based on its schematic circuit, which consists of NOT gates, 2-input NAND gates, 3-input NAND gates, 4-input NAND gates, 2- input AND gates and 3-input AND gates. ICs used: 74LS00; 2-Input NAND Gate Aim: To study and Verify the Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder. fig. 1) Fig 1: Basic binary decoder. Step2: The simplified Boolean expressions for the decoder outputs. The schematic diagrams and layout diagrams of NAND &NOR gates are VLSI: 3-8 Decoder Structural/Gate Level Modelling Verilog: 2 - 4 Decoder Structural/Gate Level Model VLSI: 8-1 MUX Structural/Gate Level Modelling with VLSI: 4-1 MUX Structural/Gate Level Modelling with VLSI: 1 Bit Magnitude Comparator Structural/Gate L Verilog: OR gate Structural/Gate Level Modelling w We have: f=abc'+ab'+a'b'c =( (abc')' (ab')' (a'b'c)' )' =( (a'+b'+c) (a'+b) (a+b+c') )' We see now that the desired function is built from a NAND gate that combines . This type of decoder is called 3-8 decoder because 3 inputs and 8 outputs. When enable pin is high at one 3 Request PDF | On Mar 3, 2021, Seyyed Mohammad Amir Mirizadeh and others published A Novel Design of Quantum 3:8 Decoder Circuit using Reversible Logic for Improvement in Key Quantum Circuit Design In the following figure, a 2 – to – 4 Binary Decoder using NAND gates is shown. 2 Practical Assignment Binary Adders The Diode Dcu Open Education Ct2. May 5, 2006; Replies 1 Views 2K. Step1: Provide the truth table. 5 . Full Adder NAND Gate . Users need to be registered already on the platform. (as shown in fig. As shown in the following figure, an octal-to-binary encoder The ubiquitous 7-segment numerical display can unambiguously display all 16 hexadecimal digits as show in this wikipedia . There are 2 steps to solve this one. OR Gate . Recall that NAND gates are the simplest gates to make, requiring fewer transistors and less space. i need it by drawing not explanation . whereas a T-gate is capable of producing NAND and NOR logic. two outputs. It has 3 input lines and 8 output lines. Now we know possible outputs for 3 inputs, so construct 3 to 8 decoder, having 3 In this article, we will guide you through the process of wiring up a full adder function using 3 to 8 decoder and NAND gates. Determining the eight outputs is contingent upon the values of the three inputs. Half Adder using NAND Gates Aim: To study and verify the Half Adder using NAND Gates. There are 2 steps to solve this Question: Q2: Design a 3-to-8-line decoder using NAND gates. This decoder circuit gives 8 logic outputs for 3 inputs and has a enable pin. Table 6. 3 to 8 line decoder circuit is also called a binary to an octal decoder. Hi there. Now, it turns to construct the truth table for 3 to 8 decoder. IC 7408 . Notice how NAND gates are used instead of ANDs as I've used above. Here is a simplified diagram showing the internal architecture: As you can see, the input lines A0 to A2 first pass through buffers and then into a 3-to-8 decoder logic circuitry built using NAND gates. 12, No. Below is a 4-2 priority encoder, however it is using only ands, Implementing a function using decoder, encoder and some gates. C - Design FULL ADDER using behavioral modeling . See more From the above table , a 3-to-8 line decoder is designed by using three NAND gates and three NOT gates. ICs used: 74LS138 74LS20; Implementation of NOT Gate using NOR gate Aim: To study and verify the Implementation of NOT Gate using NOR gate. . Another useful decoder is the 74138 1-of-8. Implement an 8-to-1 multiplexer using a 3-to-8 line decoder and external NAND gates Your solution’s ready to go! Enhanced with AI, our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. The first configuration assuming two of the function inputs to be connected to the OR inputs, and the third connected to the decoder input (and might be connected to OR as well): Different approaches have been proposed for their design. 3. 8, 2021 Optimized Design of Decoder 2 to 4, 3 to 8 and n to 2n using Reversible Gates Issam Andaloussi1 Faculty of Sciences, Physics Department, Ibn Tofail University, K´enitra, Morocco Sedra Moulay Brahim2 Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, BP509, Boutalamine 52000, Errachidia, Morocco Mariam El Ghazi3 Question: (b) Design a 3-to-8-line decoder by using NAND gates ONLY and extend the decoder by adding the suitable gates to be 8-to-1-line multiplexer. He x Inverter . ICs used: 74LS00; Aim: To study and Verify the Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder. When two 3 to 8 Decoder circuits are combined the enable pin acts as the input for both the decoders. Note that Question: Design an 8-to-1 multiplexer using a 3-to-8 line decoder and external NAND gates. Step 1. The values are 1 through 6, each on a different die. gif. For simple encoders, it is assumed that only one input line is active at a time. 3 Line to 8 Line Decoder - This decoder circuit gives 8 logic outputs for 3 inputs and has a enable pin. absf. 3 to 8 line decoder circuit is also called as For example, if we need to implement the logic of a full adder, we need a 3:8 decoder and OR gates. me/fml12 I'm trying to create a full adder using one 3-to-8 decoder and some nand gates. 6 The truth table of 3:8 decoder using 2:4 decoder. The experimental purpose is to implement this multiplexer using a 3-to-8 line decoder and external NAND gates. I'm not looking for just an answer here I actually want to learn how to do these questions. B)' I implement the function using a normal 3x8 decoder but I think it is not the best Implement full subtractor using 3 to 8 decoder and NAND gates (Jan-Feb 2020)Telegram channel Link:https://t. Enter Email IDs separated by commas, spaces or enter. Aim: To study and Verify the Half subtractor using basic gates. The 3-to-8 Decoder has three enable inputs, one of the three DECODER | Implement 2:4 decoder using NAND gates#DigitalElectronics #ECEAcademyBenefactor #subscribeIn this class , Implementation of 2:4decoder using NAND Full Adder Using NAND Gates Aim: To study and verify the Full Adder using NAND Gates. In this article, we have proposed a novel design of 2:4 decoder and have used it to build a 3:8 decoder. Entries for this challenge will create a circuit diagram using NAND logic gates which transforms the four bits of a hex digit to the inputs for the seven segments. Like Reply. °Any combinational circuit with n inputs and m outputs can be implemented with an n-to-2n decoder In Fig. a) Use a 3 to 8 line decoder and OR gates to map the 3 bit combinations on inputs X2,X1,andX0 for values 1 through 6 to the outputs a through 6. In this article, we’ll be going to design 3 to 8 decoder step by step. 1 to 2 Decoder. Figure 5: A 2-to-4 Line Binary Decoder using AND Gates along with its Truth Table. Vol. Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder Aim: To study and Verify Question: 5. be/2gSaQYkcbQMLogic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EXOR, EXNOR: https:/ The 138 works as a 3 to 8 bit decoder where 3 inputs can deliver (2 3) 8 outputs For a NAND gate if MEMRQ is low the A 15 to A 4 have to be high. We have learned the Half Adder using NAND Gates. In this circuit, a single NAND gate decodes the memory address. Implement the logic for the 3-to-8 line decoder, using logic gates to determine the 1. May 18, 2019; Replies 18 Views 6K. 3 to 8 line decoder Chapter 4Section 4. A Full Adder Circuit performs as the brain of most Digital Logic Circuits that execute addition or subtraction. Full Adder Using Nand Gates Multisim Live. Add IC Remove IC. It is also called as binary to octal decoder it takes a 3-bit binary input code and activates one of the 8(octal) outputs corresponding to that code. If a NAND gate is used in place of the AND gate then a LOW output is generated to indicate the presence of the proper binary code. 1 . The outputs of decoder m1, m2, m4 and m7 are applied to OR gate as shown in figure to obtain the sum output. The proposed CNTFET-based reversible decoders have high performance in the average power consumption (approximately 99. For my prelab I'm supposed to draw a schematic using a 3-8 decoder and an 8 input NAND gate to implement the minterm list (0,1,3,5,7) If I was given the decoder and an OR gate I could do this pretty Implementation of a logic circuit from (2*4) and (3*8) Decoder. written 8. 7 years ago How to realize a BCD to Excces3 Code converter using only 3-8 Decoder(s) and four NAND gates? Insights Blog Help with BCD to Excces3 Code Converter using 3-8 Decoder & NAND. 4 . Full size table. Similar, to the 2-to-4 Decoder, the 3-to-8 Decoder has active-low outputs and three extra NOT gates connected at the three inputs to reduce the four unit load to a single unit load. Let’s assume decoder functioning by using the following logic diagram. AND Gate . Design an 8-to-1 multiplexer using a 3-to-8 line decoder and external NAND gates. This question hasn't been solved yet! Not what you’re looking for? Submit your question to a subject-matter expert. a. A - Design UNIVERSAL GATES a-) NAND, b-)NOR using behavioral modeling . IC 7400 . All the statements in the architecture body in In this article, we discuss 3 to 8 line Decoder and demultiplexer. I need to implement the function below using 3x8 decoder (74LS138) and a minimum number of gates but I did not see 74LS138 before. A 3 is part of the data enable along with RD and the NAND output. any logic gate can be created using NAND or NOR gates only. What is a Full Adder? Full Adder is a Digital Logic circuit that can add three inputs and give two outputs i. For active- low outputs, NAND gates are used. A 0 to A 2 are address lines, part of the ABC logic table where all inputs except one are high A 0 to A 2 select the the lower address of the '138. 1. ICs used: 74LS138 74LS20; ABOUT US DOCUMENTATION PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF SERVICE TERMS OF WEBSITE USE REFUND AND CANCELLATION CONTACT US. 2) The OR gate's output is the function output. Show transcribed image text. 14%, 1. Reset circuit. Here, 3 line to 8 line decoder is a higher-order decoder that is designed with two low order decoders like 2 line to 4 line decoders. 2 to 4 decoder realization using NAND gates only (structural model) b. Before going to implement this decoder we have designed a 2 line to 4 line decoder. Based on the modified MRL gates, we design some combinational logic circuits, including 1-bit comparator, 3-bit binary encoder, 3-bit binary decoder and 4:1 multiplexer. F = (A. rules are expounded. E - Design 4-1 MULTIPLEXER using behavioral modelling . The primary aim of this paper is to exhibit advancements in power efficiency, worst-case propagation time delay, and power delay product (PDP). 99% for 2:4 decoder, 99. A universal gate is such a gate that we can implement any Boolean function, no matter how complex, using a circuit that consists of only that particular universal gate. The CS pins of both modules are in parallel with the gate. Mean to say, If E equals to 0 then the decoder would be considered as disabled regardless of what inputs are, If E equals to 2-4 decoder using NAND gates 0 Stars 3735 Views Author: Niket Bahety. (a) Clocked SR Flip -Flop (b) JK Flip -Flop 29 08 To realize the following shift registers using IC7474 (a) SISO (b) SIPO (c)PISO 32 Question: a) Design a full adder using the given 3-to-8 line decoder with inverting outputs and two NAND gates. 74138- 3 to 8 decoder hex address help. NOT gates generate the With our easy to use simulator interface, you will be building circuits in no time. The circuit is designed with AND and NAND logic gates. Limit the type of gates in the design to NAND gates; To reduce costs, I opted to use physical NAND gate ICs instead of an FPGA, which typically costs around $150. The NAND & NOR gates are the most commonly encountered universal gates in digital logic. Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder Show circuit diagram ICs used: 74LS138 74LS20; Full Subtractor using Two half adders basic gates Show circuit diagram ICs used: A traditional static CMOS-based AD can be converted into this non-conventional design with different NOR/NAND stages using De Morgan's laws, thus avoiding the use of complex logic gates that Implement the logic gate design using NAND gates Design a Full Adder using a 3 x 8 Decoder. Now connect output of 2-to-4 line decoder to enable pins of 3-to-8 line decoders such that the first output makes first 3-to-8 line decoders enable. IC 7432 . I'm trying to build an 8-to-3 priority encoder using only nand and nor gates. I have a problem for homework that has me stumped. How Can We Implement A Full Adder Using Decoder And Nand Gates Quora. he circuit operates with complemented outputs and enable input E’ is also T complemented to match the outputs of the NAND gate decoder. txt) or read online for free. The decoder is enabled when E’ is equal to zero. We shall now implement a 2:4 decoder in different levels of abstraction from highest to lowest. Circuit design 3:8 Decoder using GATES created by 229_Tanaya Karmakar with Tinkercad Fig. Show datasheet. ICs used: 74LS138 74LS20; Half Adder using NAND Gates Aim: To study and verify the Half Adder using NAND Gates. 4-bit binary to gray converter using 1-bit gray The decoder selects the EPROM from one of the 2K-byte sections of the 1M-byte memory system. Within the 3 to 8 line decoder are three inputs denoted as A, B, and C, while the corresponding outputs are represented by D0, D1, D2D7. 6 (b), the schematic illustrates the work's designed mixed-logic high-performance and low-power 3-8 decoder, which utilizes an eight-PTL three-input NAND gate as the output stage, accompanied by three inverters to provide the inverse signals required by the PTL NAND gates, reducing the number of transistors by one transistor per NAND gate to a Implement full adder using 3 to 8 decoder and nand gates Solved question on vhdl to decoder using two to chegg 0. I was satisfied with the additional challenges. The designing of a full subtractor using 3-8 decoders can be done using active low outputs. 3 to 8 line So, for now, forget about the 3-to-8 decoder and learn how to implement each of the basic gates using only NAND and also only NOR gates. 2(c). An Encoder is a combinational circuit that performs the reverse operation of a Decoder. Q 2: Design a 3-to-8-line decoder using NAND gates. 8 to 3 encoder with priority and without priority (behavioural model) c. A decoder circuit of the higher combination is obtained by adding two or more lower combinational circuits. 4 to 16 decoder circuit is obtained from two 3 to 8 decoder circuits or three 2 to 4 decoder circuits. (b) two AND gates PLEASE SHOW WORK. Fig 3: Logic Diagram of 3:8 decoder This paper presents an efficient 3:8 decoder using multilayer crossover technique and successfully implemented by QCA. ii. • The output lines of the decoder corresponding to the minterms of the function are used as inputs to the or gate. The truth table of a full adder is shown in Table1. ICs used: 74LS86 74LS04 74LS08; Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder Aim: To study and Verify the Full Adder function using 3:8 Decoder. Binary The following image shows a 3-to-8 line decoder with three input variables which are decoded into eight output, Let us consider an example of 2-to-4 line NAND Gate Decoder which uses NAND Gates instead of AND gate in the central This paper presents a new design of a 2 to 4 decoder constructed using 3-transistor NAND gates, contrasting it with the conventional 4 transistor NAND gate-based technique. It takes 3 binary inputs and activates one of the eight outputs. For any input combination decoder outputs are 1. Remove connection. F - Design 3-8 DECODER using behavioral modeling Resources For example, if the input binary number is 1001 then to make all the inputs of AND gate HIGH, the two middle bits (0s) must be inverted by using two NOT gates. 9(e) - Decoder Using NAND DatesDigital DesignM. It increases number of transistors, power consumption and delay. Implementing Functions Using Decoders °Any n-variable logic function can be implemented using a single n-to-2n decoder to generate the minterms • OR gate forms the sum. Connected to each of their CS pin is a NAND gate with pins A12-A15 connected from the 8085 microprocessor. pdf), Text File (. 5 32 decoder you have 5 input lines and you need output lines now let lines are d0 lsb d1 d2 d3 d4 msb connect d3 and d4 to 2-to-4 line decoder connect d0, d1, and d2 to all 3-to-8 line decoders. Project access type: Public Description: Created: Nov 05, 2021 Updated: Aug 27, 2023 Add members. The output of the NAND gate is logic 0 whenever the 8088 address pins attached to its inputs (A19–A11) are all logic 1s. The layout had undergone Design Rule Check (DRC) set by the Electric VLSI Deldsim Full Adder Function Using 3 8 Decoder. This demonstrates how decoders can be used as building blocks for more complex digital circuits. qzy xztpa pvxt ekvncmz bysupc rgkpxrm wsvf wplq uax hcgcijl mfa nignhzi cxfqo aoaor qkqwur